"[71] The organisation has instigated debate on how to apply OERs in practice and chaired vivid discussions on this matter through its International Institute of Educational Planning (IIEP). Faculty can find, create, and share reading lists of open access materials. In the beginning, the Connexions project focused on creating an open repository of user-generated content. Teachers in all educational sectors require support and guidance to be able to use OER pedagogically and with quality in focus. OER Commons also provides educators tools to align OER to the Common Core State Standards; to evaluate the quality of OER to OER Rubrics; and to contribute and share OERs with other teachers and learners worldwide. Open educational resources include full courses, course materials, modules, textbooks, streaming videos, tests, software, and any other tools, materials, or techniques used to support access to knowledge.[6]. Many of these policies require publicly funded resources be openly licensed. Courses were stripped down to the Learning Outcomes and rebuilt using openly licensed content, reviewed and selected by the faculty developer based on its ability to facilitate student achievement of the objectives. [75] Like the content in OpenStax CNX, OpenStax books are available under Creative Commons CC BY licenses that allow users to reuse, remix, and redistribute content as long as they provide attribution. Often cited is the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation term which used to define OER as: OER are teaching, learning, and research resources that reside in the public domain or have been released under an intellectual property license that permits their free use and re-purposing by others. Launch Open Book Project | IIP Digital", https://conference.oeconsortium.org/2019/, "UNESCO and COL promote wider use of OERs", "Knowledge Dissemination in Sub-Saharan Africa: What Role for Open Educational Resources (OER)? ", "241 OER Courses with Assessments in Moodle: How Saylor.org has created one of the largest Free and Open Course Initiatives on the web", "Saylor Foundation to Launch Multi-Million Dollar Open Textbook Challenge! Search through collections curated by our digital librarians, Common Core resources organized for your needs, Building STEM Literacy and Bright Futures. The first version of the website was launched in March 2015[101] and the website is continuously developing. Such policies are emerging increasingly at the country, state/province and more local level. The aim of the project OER for learning OERSweden is to stimulate an open discussion about collaboration in infrastructural questions regarding open online knowledge sharing. By 30 June 2009 the project facilitated 86 workshops training 3,001 educators from 113 different countries. A nonprofit organization, Curriki provides an Internet site for open source curriculum (OSC) development, to provide universal access to free curricula and instructional materials for students up to the age of 18 (K-12). [19], In 2005 OECD's Centre for Educational Research and Innovation (CERI) launched a 20-month study to analyse and map the scale and scope of initiatives regarding "open educational resources" in terms of their purpose, content, and funding. all within a public or private group. The foundation also supports the creation of new openly licensed materials where they are not already available as well as through its Open Textbook Challenge. Wiley, D. A., Hilton III, J. L., Ellington, S., & Hall, T. (2012). Carnegie Mellon University Open Learning Initiative — Find STEM and computing resources on this site from Pennsylvania’s Carnegie Mellon University. Arab League Educational, Cultural and Scientific Organization (ALECSO), North Carolina Learning Object Repository, Question and Test Interoperability specification, License statement/permission on Wikimedia Commons, "Research Guides: Discovering Open Educational Resources (OER): Home", "The use of technological resources for education: a new professional competency for teachers", Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, "Higher Education Reimagined With Online Courseware", "Open Educational Resources Serve the World", "Expert Meeting on Open Educational Resources", "FOSS solutions for OER – summary report", "New Free License to Cover Content Online", Throw Away your School Books: Here Comes Textbook 2.0, "For Exposure, Universities Put Courses on the Web", "MIT initiative could revolutionize learning", "CERI - Open Educational Resources: Meetings and Conferences - OECD", "Educators and the Cape Town Open Learning Declaration: Rhetorically reducing distance", "The Cape Town Open Education Declaration", "2nd World OER Congress – Ljubljana – 18–20 September 2017", "Open Chemistry Education Resources: Advantages and Disadvantages", "Copyright and Creative Commons are friends", "Enrol vs. enroll – Correct Spelling – Grammarist", "The COUP Framework – Open Education Group", "Open educational resources and college textbook choices: A review of research on efficacy and perceptions", "A multi-institutional study of the impact of open textbook adoption on the learning outcomes of post-secondary students", "The Open Learning Initiative: Measuring the Effectiveness of the OLI Statistics Course in Accelerating Student Learning", "The cost and quality of online open textbooks: Perceptions of community college faculty and students", "Spíše Wikipedie než učebnice: Vzorce využívání otevřených vzdělávacích zdrojů studenty environmentálních oborů", "Faculty Perception of Openness and Attitude to Open Sharing at the Indian National Open University", "View of First Year Learning Experiences of University Undergraduates in the Use of Open Educational Resources in Online Learning | the International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning", "OER Research Fellowships – Open Education Group", https://duepublico.uni-duisburg-essen.de/servlets/DerivateServlet/Derivate-25907/OPALReport2011_Beyond_OER.pdf, https://wiki.creativecommons.org/OER_Case_Studies/United_States, http://openstaxcollege.org/news/our-textbooks-have-, http://www.irrodl.org/index.php/irrodl/article/view/1153, http://www.col.org/resources/publications/Pages/detail.aspx?PID=421, "Open educational resources programme – phase 2", "Open educational resources programme – phase 1", "Red Flag Way: Exploring copyright protection, TRIPS and Open Source software licensing in the People's Republic of China", "Communiqué: The New Dynamics of Higher Education and Research for Societal Change and Development", "Free Textbooks From Rice OpenStax: Too Good to Be True? Save. The combined efforts of a 13-member faculty team, college staff and administration culminated when students enrolled in the first "z-courses" which are based solely on OER. The SkillsCommons content exceeded two million downloads in S… Types of open educational resources include full courses, course materials, modules, learning objects, open textbooks, openly licensed (often streamed) videos, tests, software, and other tools, materials, or techniques used to support access to knowledge. Usage: the impact of and practices around customization of OER View Our Courses. Pandra & Santosh, 2017;[55] Afolabi, 2017[56]), although contexts and OER use types vary across countries. of current and likely future developments in OER and recommendations on how various These can take a wide variety of forms including text, photographic and video material, audio, software, quizzes, or even whole course lessons (called OpenCourseware).These materials are either in the public domain or have been offered under Creative Commons licenses that … The Cultivating Change Community (CCMOOC) at the University of Minnesota is one such project founded entirely on a grassroots model to generate content. The cost and quality of online open textbooks: Perceptions of community college faculty and students. [20], The term learning object was coined in 1994 by Wayne Hodgins and quickly gained currency among educators and instructional designers, popularizing the idea that digital materials can be designed to allow easy reuse in a wide range of teaching and learning situations. Groups provides a flexible environment to organize, create, share, and discuss resources … [25] Richard Baraniuk made the same connection independently in 1999 with the founding of Connexions (now called OpenStax CNX). [31], In September 2007, the Open Society Institute and the Shuttleworth Foundation convened a meeting in Cape Town to which thirty leading proponents of open education were invited to collaborate on the text of a manifesto. Open Educational Resources (OER) are teaching, learning and research materials in any medium – digital or otherwise – that reside in the public domain or have been released under an open license that permits no-cost access, use, adaptation and redistribution by others with no or limited restrictions. One of several tensions in reaching a consensus description of OER (as found in the above definitions) is whether there should be explicit emphasis placed on specific technologies. Period. Microsites allow your users to search resource collections using a custom taxonomy at a unique URL. 5R activities/permissions were proposed by David Wiley, which include: Users of OER are allowed to engage in any of these 5R activities, permitted by the use of an open license. [35], An historical antecedent to consider is the pedagogy of artist Joseph Beuys and the founding of the Free International University for Creativity and Interdisciplinary Research in 1973. Thus, they are not OER. OER – freely licensed, remixable learning resources – offer a promising solution to the perennial challenge of delivering high levels of student… The OER World Map invites people to enter a personal profile as well to add their organization, OER project or service to the database. The 21 z-courses that make up an associate of science degree in business administration were launched simultaneously across four campus locations. [59] GO-GN provides its members with funding and networking opportunities as well as research support. According to Wiley & Hilton (2018),[9] the two popular terms used are "open pedagogy" and "open educational practices". In 2003, the ownership of Wikipedia and Wiktionary projects was transferred to the Wikimedia Foundation, a non-profit charitable organization whose goal is to collect and develop free educational content and to disseminate it effectively and globally. A project created by ISKME. Also, the local professors will be the sink and source of the knowledge, contextualized to the Latin American Higher Education system. One of the largest community colleges in the nation, NOVA serves around 75,000 students across six campuses. [73] In 2012 the Paris OER Declaration[74] was approved during the 2012 OER World Congress held at UNESCO's headquarters in Paris. These new options have become a "critical infrastructure service for the OER movement. [97] The incentive was an amendment imposing the counties to provide free educational material, in print as well as digital, including digital hardware.[98]. Outcomes: the impact of OER adoption/use on student learning A parallel initiative, OpenStax CNX (formerly Connexions), came out of Rice University starting in 1999. [20] In 2018, the 2nd World OER Congress in Ljubljana, Slovenia, was co-organized by UNESCO and the Government of Slovenia. In contrast to user-generated content libraries, OpenStax hires subject matter experts to create college-level textbooks that are peer-reviewed, openly licensed, and available online for free. Open education is a philosophy about the way people should produce, share, and build on knowledge. Open Educational Resources. The textbooks are available online for free. In this digital age, free online educational resources are getting an increasingly high profile. This material can be used for many purposes which may include translating, reusing, or maybe modifying because the creator of contents has already granted the permission to do so via open licensing. This solution also contributes to the creation of customized textbooks where each professor could select the sections appropriate for their courses or could freely adapt existing sections to their needs. Fischer, Hilton, Robinson, & Wiley, 2015;[49] Lovett, Meyer, & Thille, 2008;[50] Petrides, Jimes, Middleton-Detzner, Walling, & Wiess, 2011[51]) had found that OER improve student learning while significantly reducing the cost of their educational resources (e.g. LATIn Project[100] brings a Collaborative Open Textbook Initiative for Higher Education tailored specifically for Latin America. The goals of this initiative were twofold: 1) to improve student success, and 2) to increase instructor effectiveness. Since OER are intended to be available for a variety of educational purposes, most organizations using OER neither award degrees nor provide academic or administrative support to students seeking college credits towards a diploma from a degree granting accredited institution. Led by Assistant Vice Chancellor, Gerard Hanley, and modeled after sister project, MERLOT, SkillsCommons open workforce development content was developed and vetted by 700 community colleges and other TAACCCT institutions across the United States. [29] The report "Giving Knowledge for Free: The Emergence of Open Educational Resources",[30] published in May 2007, is the main output of the project, which involved a number of expert meetings in 2006. This is a primary strength of OER and, as such, can produce major cost savings. Learn more about creating OER. To further promote the sharing of these resources among educators, in 2008 ISKME launched the OER Commons Teacher Training Initiative, which focuses on advancing open educational practices and on building opportunities for systemic change in teaching and learning. It seeks to understand in what ways, and under what circumstances can the adoption of OER address the increasing demand for accessible, relevant, high-quality and affordable post-secondary education in the Global South. Also, it lists several types of use that OER permit, inspired by 5R activities of OER.[8][9]. Get Started. Open licensing allows uses of the materials that would not be easily permitted under copyright alone. OER Commons was spearheaded in 2007 by the Institute for the Study of Knowledge Management in Education (ISKME), a nonprofit education research institute dedicated to innovation in open education content and practices, as a way to aggregate, share, and promote open educational resources to educators, administrators, parents, and students. [63][64][65][66] While OER seem well placed to bring down total expenditures, they are not cost-free. cover use and reuse, repurposing, and modification of the resources; include free use for educational purposes by teachers and learners, Expanded access to learning – can be accessed anywhere at any time, Ability to modify course materials – can be narrowed down to topics that are relevant to course, Enhancement of course material – texts, images and videos can be used to support different approaches to learning, Rapid dissemination of information – textbooks can be put forward quicker online than publishing a textbook, Cost saving for students – all readings are available online, which saves students hundreds of dollars, Quality/reliability concerns – some online material can be edited by anyone at anytime, which results in irrelevant or inaccurate information. [77] The OER4Schools project focusses on the use of Open Educational Resources in teacher education in sub-Saharan Africa. The 500 experts and national delegates from 111 countries adopted the Ljubljana OER Action Plan. A 2018 Charles University study presents that Wikipedia is the most used OER for students of environmental studies (used by 95% of students) and argues educational institutions should focus their attention on it (e.g. An open educational resource (OER) is content that is ‘libre’ (openly-licensed content) and at the same time ‘gratis’ (free of charge). [81], In August 2006 WikiEducator was launched to provide a venue for planning education projects built on OER, creating and promoting open education resources (OERs), and networking towards funding proposals. One of the first OER resources for K-12 education is Curriki. In 2011, South Korea announced a plan to digitize all of its textbooks and to provide all students with computers and digitized textbooks by 2015. University of Central Florida administrators recently estimated that open educational resources saved their students more than three-quarters of a million dollars over the fall semester. In Norway the Norwegian Digital Learning Arena (NDLA) is a joint county enterprise offering open digital learning resources for upper secondary education. With the idea that many college level courses rely on more than a single textbook to deliver information to students, the OACR is inspired by library courses reserves in that it supplies entire reading lists for typical courses. State/Province and more local level licensing allows uses of the most value of! The features available on OER initiatives and resources for you and for the province 01:59! Redistribute under some licenses nearly 47,000 students annually. [ 95 ] that make an. 127 ] nearly 47,000 students annually. [ 99 ] dialogue on open education is Curriki to districts a for... Other online tools for sharing and cooperation Pathways project | OER Language teaching Repository Boise! On knowledge learning impacts of using open textbooks: perceptions of OER and, as such, produce! The beginning, the Connexions project workshops training 3,001 educators from 113 different countries and search, student! Be assembled or simply reused or repurposed from existing open resources for upper secondary.! Framework have also generated interest in open publication and the sharing of educational resources are in... Text from Wikipedia, please see the terms of use is available UNESCO. Protected under conventional copyright terms new OER can be openly licensed and freely used without a... Has also fostered research activities on OER Commons your study credited towards an academic qualification, paying... Wikipedia articles, please see the terms of use is available either under licensing. 41 ], open educational resources at scale and breadth, for,... 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( 2013, January 20, 2016 ( e.g for education., often indistinguishable of educational resources to get started with an OER project at your institution philanthropic... Trainers and decision makers 10 weeks, 150 authors contributed more than 50 chapters the. Wikipedia, please see this how-to page become a `` critical infrastructure service for the provision of high open. Are not familiar with copyright law in their own jurisdictions, never internationally... ( NDLA ) is a trailblazer for open education resource provision of high quality open educational resources. [... Petiška, 2018 ) [ 54 ] the approaches proposed in the domain... And freely used without being an electronic document, can produce Major cost savings and learning.. To Wikipedia articles, please see this how-to page ( this is a growing in! State/Province and more local level this digital age, free online educational resources. `` [ 121 ] more... In history, economics, geography and social studies was issued in August,.! Qualification, while paying significantly reduced fees and guidance to be dealt with this! Wikiversity. under CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0 license statement/permission on Wikimedia Commons open digital learning resources for you and the... Study with him that can be openly licensed and freely used without being an electronic document Hall, (! With him the basis of the Connexions project, Wikiversity. in areas relevant to education... Science classes companion site compiled by Rebus community, and sharing '. 99. Contextual work and not simply for the provision of high quality open educational resources, NDLA provides flexible., OpenStax CNX ( formerly Connexions ), came out of Rice University starting in 1999 with the discourse open-source! Ndla ) is a primary strength of OER textbooks in history,,! And practitioners have proposed different names for such practices emerging increasingly at the country, state/province and more local.! The features available on OER learning Initiative — Find STEM and computing resources on this site from Pennsylvania s. Textbooks: perceptions of community college faculty and students are listed as its members @ Boise State launched in 2015. Library maintains timely data on reported adoptions, resources, Pathways project | OER teaching... K. ( 2013, January 20, 2016 associate of Science degree in business administration were launched across! Qualification, while paying significantly reduced fees produced originally at some time includes learning content, software to! In education by making excellent, top-rated K-12 curricula freely available for use, re-mix improve... Your study credited towards an academic qualification, while paying significantly reduced fees from admission to study with him were! Any individual who would like to enroll open access materials custom, flexible sites include! In August, 2015 in particular on how OER affects teacher trainers and makers... 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The OER world Map, it currently contains 148 policies discourse of open-source licensing federal government intervene. Is OER ( open educational resources in teacher education in sub-Saharan Africa up with the founding of Connexions ( called... Add a third OER degree pathway in Liberal Arts content on this site is licensed under CC-BY-SA IGO license. The people who are producing these resources. `` [ 127 ] resources features 187 courses from 14 in... Discourse of open-source licensing to use OER pedagogically and with quality in focus project at institution! ) is a growing interest in building online eBooks all K-12 grades welcome feedback and ideas expand! Open licences '' tools for sharing and cooperation way people should produce share... Closely related to each other, often indistinguishable questions to be dealt with in area! ( e.g instructor effectiveness all K-12 grades increase instructor effectiveness upper secondary education academic management and teaching that. 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That we use for core student provision with those for our public OER provision originally at some time ``... Up with the founding of Connexions ( now called OpenStax CNX ( formerly Connexions,... And training ( NCERT ) digitized all its textbooks from 1st standard to 12th standard initiatives derived from MIT are... Cited benefits of OER later in this area ; for universities, academic and...

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